Jaringan gol bola sepak

Pasukan yang menjaringkan lebih banyak gol memenangi sesebuah perlawanan. Namun, kalau kedua-dua menjaringkan jumlah gol yang sama, perlawanan itu dianggap sama (draw). Dalam pertandingan kalah mati, bagi menentukan pemenang, masa 30 minit (masa berlebihan, extra time) akan ditambah jika kedua-dua pasukan menjaringkan jumlah gol yang sama dalam 90 minit yang asal. Pasukan yang menjaringkan gol yang lebih pada masa berlebihan ini memenangi perlawanan.

Kalau masa berlebihan tidak dapat menentukan pemenang, sepakan penalti akan diadakan. Setiap pasukan diberikan 5 sepakan penalti. Pasukan yang menjaringkan penalti yang lebih memenangi perlawanan.

Source:http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bola_sepak

Cara permainan bola sepak

Bola sepak adalah sejenis permainan yang dimainkan di antara dua pasukan yang mengandungi 11 orang pemain yang masing-masing cuba memenangi perlawanan dengan menjaringkan lebih gol daripada pasukan lawannya. Satu gol adalah hasil hantaran bola yang merentasi garisan gol yang terletak di antara tiang gol dan palang gol. Bola sepak dimainkan dengan menggunakan kedua-dua belah kaki, tetapi para pemain dibenarkan menggunakan semua bahagian badannya kecuali tangan. Penjaga gol yang bertugas mengelakkan bola daripada merentasi garisan gol pula dibenarkan menggunakan tangannya untuk menangkap bola di dalam kawasan penalti.

Source:http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bola_sepak

Football Competitions

One of the longest running football fixture is the Cordner-Eggleston Cup, contested between Melbourne Grammar School and Scotch College, Melbourne every year since 1858. It is believed by many to also be the first match of Australian rules football, although it was played under experimental rules in its first year. The first football trophy tournament was the Caledonian Challenge Cup, donated by the Royal Caledonian Society of Melbourne, played in 1861 under the Melbourne Rules. The oldest football league is a rugby football competition, the United Hospitals Challenge Cup (1874), while the oldest rugby trophy is the Yorkshire Cup, contested since 1878. The South Australian Football Association (30 April 1877) is the oldest surviving Australian rules football competition. The oldest surviving soccer trophy is the Youdan Cup (1867) and the oldest national soccer competition is the English FA Cup (1871). The Football League (1888) is recognised as the longest running Association Football league. The first ever international football match took place between sides representing England and Scotland on March 5, 1870 at the Oval under the authority of the FA. The first Rugby international took place in 1871.

Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football

Taktik dan formasi bola sepak

Para pemain mungkin menghabiskan kebanyakan masa dalam perlawanan dalam bahagian spesifik di padang; bagaimanapun; mereka tidak dikekang oleh peraturan sukan dan boleh berubah kedudukan pada bila-bila masa. Ini juga boleh digunapakai oleh penjaga gol, yang biasanya menghabiskan kebanyakan masa perlawanan berhampiran dengan gol tetapi boleh melibatkan diri dalam permain berpasukan. Ini biasanya hanya berlaku pada tendangan percuma atau tendangan sudut di akhir perlawanan itu.

Susun atur para pemain di padang dipanggil sebagai formasi. Untuk menggambarkan satu formasi tiga nombor digunakan. Nombor pertama menentukan berapa banyak pemain pertahanan digunakan, yang kedua adalah bilangan pemain tengah yang akan digunakan dan yang ketiga adalah bilangan penyerang. Formasi yang popular dalam bola sepak moden termasuklah 4-4-2, 4-3-3, 3-5-2, 3-4-3 dan 4-5-1.

Source:http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bola_sepak

Football continued to be played in various forms

While football continued to be played in various forms throughout Britain, its "public" schools (known as private schools in other countries) are widely credited with four key achievements in the creation of modern football codes. First of all, the evidence suggests that they were important in taking football away from its "mob" form and turning it into an organised team sport. Second, many early descriptions of football and references to it were recorded by people who had studied at these schools. Third, it was teachers, students and former students from these schools who first codified football games, to enable matches to be played between schools. Finally, it was at English public schools that the division between "kicking" and "running" (or "carrying") games first became clear.

Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football

Peraturan perlawanan bola sepak

Peraturan perlawanan tidak menspesifikkan kedudukan pemain-pemain selain pejaga gol. Bagaimanapun, semasa perubahan kemajuan perlawanan sukan ini, sebilangan pemain yang spesifik telah berubah. Mereka termasuklah:

·         pertahanan - pemain yang pakar dalam mencegah jaringan gol musuh.

·         pemain tengah - pemain yang melakukan serangan dan memberikan lorongan bola kepada penyerang, tetapi juga menolong pertahanan dengan mengganggu serangan pasukan lawan pada peringkat awal.

·         penyerang - pemain-pemain yang berperanan untuk menjaringkan gol.

Source:http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bola_sepak

Football modern era

Other firsts in the mediæval and early modern eras:

·         "a football", in the sense of a ball rather than a game, was first mentioned in 1486. This reference is in Dame Juliana Berners' Book of St Albans. It states: "a certain rounde instrument to play with ...it is an instrument for the foote and then it is calde in Latyn 'pila pedalis', a fotebal."

·         a pair of football boots was ordered by King Henry VIII of England in 1526.

·         women playing a form of football was first described in 1580 by Sir Philip Sidney in one of his poems: " tyme there is for all, my mother often sayes, When she, with skirts tuckt very hy, with girles at football playes."

·         the first references to goals are in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. In 1584 and 1602 respectively, John Norden and Richard Carew referred to "goals" in Cornish hurling. Carew described how goals were made: "they pitch two bushes in the ground, some eight or ten foote asunder; and directly against them, ten or twelue [twelve] score off, other twayne in like distance, which they terme their Goales". He is also the first to describe goalkeepers and passing of the ball between players.

Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football

Kajian bola sepak

Mengikut kajian yang dilakukan oleh Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), badan pentadbir bola sepak, yang diterbitkan dalam musim bunga 2001, lebih daripada 240 juta orang biasanya bermain bola sepak dalam lebih daripada 200 negara di seluruh pelusuk dunia. Peraturannya yang mudah dan memerlukan peralatan yang minimum tidak syak lagi menolong penyebaran dan tumbesaran dalam popularitinya.

Banyak pihak dalam dunia bola sepak membangkitkan keinginan yang sangat memainkan peranan yang penting dalam kehidupan individu samada peminat, komuniti tempatan, malah negara; oleh itu ia merupakan sukan yang sangat popular di dunia. Oleh kerana itu ia selalunya digelar sebagai Pilihan Kenangan Dunia Lalu.

Source:http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bola_sepak

Popularity of Football Games

The Middle Ages saw a huge rise in popularity of annual Shrovetide football matches throughout Europe, particularly in England. An early reference to a ball game played in Britain comes from the 9th century Historia Brittonum, which describes "a party of boys ... playing at ball". References to a ball game played in northern France known as La Soule or Choule, in which the ball was propelled by hands, feet, and sticks, date from the 12th century.

The early forms of football played in England, sometimes referred to as "mob football", would be played between neighbouring towns and villages, involving an unlimited number of players on opposing teams who would clash en masse, struggling to move an item, such as inflated animal's bladder to particular geographical points, such as their opponents' church, with play taking place in the open space between neighbouring parishes.

Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football

Populariti bola sepak

Populariti bola sepak telah meningkat terutamanya pada abad ke-20. Kini, bola sepak menjadi satu industri yang lumayan melalui pendapatan hak siaran televisyen dan penjualan tiket di stadium-stadium. Permainan ini dimainkan pada peringkat professional level di seluruh dunia. Berjuta-juta peminat biasanya pergi ke stadium bola sepak untuk mengikut pasukan pilihan mereka, manakala berbilion-bilion pula melihat perlawanan bola sepak di televisyen. Sebilangan besar pemain juga bermain bola sepak pada peringkat amatur.

Source:http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bola_sepak

Football games and play

There are a number of references to traditional, ancient, or prehistoric ball games, played by indigenous peoples in many different parts of the world. For example, in 1586, men from a ship commanded by an English explorer named John Davis, went ashore to play a form of football with Inuit (Eskimo) people in Greenland. There are later accounts of an Inuit game played on ice, called Aqsaqtuk. Each match began with two teams facing each other in parallel lines, before attempting to kick the ball through each other team's line and then at a goal. In 1610, William Strachey, a colonist at Jamestown, Virginia recorded a game played by Native Americans, called Pahsaheman. On the Australian continent several tribes of indigenous people played kicking and catching games with stuffed balls which have been generalised by historians as Marn Grook (Djab Wurrung for "game ball"). The earliest historical account is an anecdote from the 1878 book by Robert Brough-Smyth, The Aborigines of Victoria, in which a man called Richard Thomas is quoted as saying, in about 1841 in Victoria, Australia, that he had witnessed Aboriginal people playing the game: "Mr Thomas describes how the foremost player will drop kick a ball made from the skin of a possum and how other players leap into the air in order to catch it." Some historians have theorised that Marn Grook was one of the origins of Australian rules football.

Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football

Undang-undang Bola Sepak

Kini, urusan Undang-undang Bola Sepak dikendalikan oleh Lembaga Persatuan Bola Sepak Antarabangsa (International Football Association Board). Lembaga ini ditubuhkan pada 1886 dan mempunyai lapan ahli – empat wakil FIFA, empat wakil persatuan bola sepak England, Scotland, Wales dan Ireland Utara. Segala pemindaan Undang-undang Bola Sepak perlu diluluskan oleh Lembaga melalui undian majoriti.

Source:http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bola_sepak

Early history of football

According to FIFA the competitive game cuju is the earliest form of football for which there is scientific evidence. It occurs namely as an exercise in a military manual from the third and second centuries BC. Documented evidence of an activity resembling football can be found in the Chinese military manual Zhan Guo Ce compiled between the 3rd century and 1st century BC. It describes a practice known as cuju (蹴鞠, literally "kick ball"), which originally involved kicking a leather ball through a small hole in a piece of silk cloth which was fixed on bamboo canes and hung about 9 m above ground. During the Han Dynasty (206 BC–220 AD), cuju games were standardized and rules were established. Variations of this game later spread to Japan and Korea, known as kemari and chuk-guk respectively. Later, another type of goal posts emerged, consisting of just one goal post in the middle of the field.

Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football

Ciri-ciri bola sepak

Menurut FIFA, permainan-permainan yang mempunyai ciri-ciri bola sepak telah wujud di negeri China sejak abad ke-3 SM. Berbagai-bagai jenis permainan bola juga telah diperkenalkan pada Zaman Pertengahan Eropah.

Pada abad ke-19, permainan bola di sekolah-sekolah United Kingdom (yang mempunyai cara permainan yang berbeza mengikut sekolah) menjadi lebih popular. Lantaran itu, cara permainannya juga lebih teratur. Undang-undang awal diperkenalkan bagi menyeragamkan cara permainan yang berbeza-beza itu dan memudahkan pemain-pemain. Persatuan Bola Sepak England (The Football Association) telah ditubuhkan pada 1863 oleh beberapa kelab bola sepak. Persatuan ini berjaya menggubal undang-undang formal bola sepak yang pertama di dunia. Undang-undang ini kemudian berkembang menjadi Undang-undang Bola Sepak hari ini.

Source:http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bola_sepak

Ancient games

The Ancient Greeks and Romans are known to have played many ball games, some of which involved the use of the feet. The Roman game harpastum is believed to have been adapted from a Greek team game known as "ἐπίσκυρος" (Episkyros) or "φαινίνδα" (phaininda), which is mentioned by a Greek playwright, Antiphanes (388–311 BC) and later referred to by the Clement of Alexandria (c.150-c.215 AD). These games appear to have resembled rugby football. The Roman politician Cicero (106–43 BC) describes the case of a man who was killed whilst having a shave when a ball was kicked into a barber's shop. Roman ball games already knew the air-filled ball, the follis. The Ancient Greek game of Episkyros recognised as an early form of football by FIFA.

Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football

Tentang bola sepak

Pada amnya, hanya penjaga gol sahaja yang dibenarkan menyentuh bola dengan tangan di dalam wilayah golnya. Manakala, 10 (sepuluh) pemain lainnya hanya diizinkan untuk menggunakan semua bahagian badannya selain daripada tangan, biasanya dengan kaki untuk menyepak, dada untuk mengawal, dan kepala untuk menanduk bola. Pasukan yang menjaringkan gol lebih banyak pada akhir perlawanan ialah pemenangnya. Jika sehingga masa berakhir masih berakhir siri, maka boleh dilakukan undian, pembaharuan masa ataupun tendangan penalti, bergantung daripada format penganjuran kejohanan.

Undang-undang perlawanan pada awamnya dikemaskini setiap tahun oleh induk pertubuhan bola sepak antarabangsa (FIFA), yang juga menganjurkan Piala Dunia FIFA setiap-tiap 4 (empat) tahun sekali.

Source:http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bola_sepak

Etymology

There are conflicting explanations of the origin of the word "football". It is widely assumed that the word "football" (or "foot ball") references the action of the foot kicking a ball. There is an alternative explanation, which is that football originally referred to a variety of games in medieval Europe, which were played on foot. There is no conclusive evidence for either explanation.

Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football

Apa itu bola sepak

Bola sepak (tulisan Jawi : بولا سيڤاق, bahasa Arab : لعبة كرة القدم) ialah sukan sepasukan yang paling banyak dimainkan dan ditonton di dunia, yang dimainkan oleh dua pasukan yang mana setiap - tiap pasukan terdiri daripada 11 orang pemain. Sebelum abad ke-21, sukan ini telah dimainkan oleh lebih daripada 250 juta orang di 200 negara, yang menjadikannya sebagai sukan paling popular di dunia. Bola sepak bertujuan untuk menjaringkan gol sebanyak-banyaknya dengan menggunakan bola kulit ke gol lawan. Bola sepak dilumbakan kat dalam padang yang berbentuk segi empat tepat, di atas rumput atau rumput sintetik. Badan pentadbiran dunia bola sepak ialah FIFA, atau Persekutuan Bola Sepak Antarabangsa (bahasa Inggeris : Federation International FootballAssociation, bahasa Perancis : Fédération Internationale de Football Association).

Source:http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bola_sepak

Common elements

Common rules among the sports include:

·         Two teams of usually between 11 and 18 players; some variations that have fewer players (five or more per team) are also popular.

·         A clearly defined area in which to play the game.

·         Scoring goals or points, by moving the ball to an opposing team's end of the field and either into a goal area, or over a line.

·         Goals or points resulting from players putting the ball between two goalposts.

·         The goal or line being defended by the opposing team.

·         Players being required to move the ball—depending on the code—by kicking, carrying, or hand-passing the ball.

·         Players using only their body to move the ball.

Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football

Liga Malaysia

Liga Malaysia merupakan satu kejohanan bola sepak di Malaysia dan ia juga selalunya diringkaskan sebagai Liga M. Penyelenggaraan Liga Malaysia dikelolakan oleh Persatuan Bola Sepak Malaysia. Bola sepak telah bermula di Malaysia seawal tahun 1921 dengan teranjurnya Piala Malaya (iaitu nama asal bagi Piala Malaysia).

Ketika ini Liga Malaysia merangkumi kejohanan yang berbentuk liga dan piala. Semenjak pertama kali diadakan iaitu 1921 hingga 1988 kejohanan bola sepak di Malaysia dijalankan secara amatur.

Pada tahun 1989 Liga Malaysia telah mengorak langkah ke arah yang lebih baik setelah diperkenalkan liga bertaraf separuh profesional. Mulai musim 1993 Liga Malaysia telah memasuki era profesional sepenuhnya.